Given the complex anatomical structure of the pelvis, gynaecologic surgeries are susceptible for perioperative bleeding, whereas massive bleeding can be life-threatening unless resuscitation is accomplished promptly. Preoperative evaluation of the p...

The mineral balance in the body is governed by various organs including kidney, bone, small intestine and parathyroid glands. Particularly, the kidneys receive input through humoral mediators and neural networks, integrate the input, and alter the e...